Introduction to Jokhang Temple

Jokhang Temple, known in Tibetan as “Jokhang” or “Tsulagkhang,” is the ultimate pilgrimage destination for Tibetan Buddhist devotees. In their hearts, its sanctity rivals that of the Potala Palace. Whether viewed geographically or spiritually, Jokhang Temple stands as a true holy site and the center of Tibetan Buddhism. It holds an exalted and sacred position in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, drawing countless pilgrims and visitors each year.

History of Jokhang Temple

The construction of Jokhang Temple began in the mid-7th century under the reign of Tibetan King Songtsen Gampo. It was built to house an 8-year-old life-sized statue of Shakyamuni Buddha, brought from Kathmandu by his Nepalese wife, Princess Bhrikuti. Later, in 1409, Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug school, preached Buddhist teachings here and held the Monlam Prayer Festival, cementing the temple’s pivotal role in Tibetan Buddhist history. In the 8th century, Princess Wencheng of the Tang Dynasty brought a 12-year-old life-sized statue of Shakyamuni Buddha from Chang’an (modern-day Xi’an), which now resides in the temple as its most treasured relic and a must-see for visitors and pilgrims alike.

Cultural Treasures and Artifacts

Jokhang Temple is home to remarkable artistic and historical treasures. Inside, you’ll find nearly a kilometer of Tibetan-style murals, including The Arrival of Princess Wencheng in Tibet and The Construction of Jokhang Temple. Additionally, two Ming Dynasty embroidered thangkas depicting protector deities are rare artistic gems. These artifacts offer a vivid glimpse into Tibetan history and Buddhist culture, making the temple a living museum of spiritual heritage.

Pilgrimage Routes: The Three Circumambulation Paths

Lhasa features three traditional circumambulation paths centered around Jokhang Temple:

• Inner Path (Nangkor): A loop around the Jokhang Main Hall within the temple’s Thousand Buddha Hall.
• Middle Path (Barkor): A circuit along the temple’s outer perimeter, bustling with pilgrims and vendors.
• Outer Path (Lingkor): A wider route encircling the Potala Palace, Yaowang Mountain, Chakpori Temple, and Jokhang Temple.

These paths are integral to Tibetan Buddhist practice and reflect the temple’s central role in the region’s spiritual life.

Visitor Guide: Exploring Jokhang Temple

Upon entering through the main gate, visitors step into a courtyard with a skylit design. On the east side, rows of butter lamps flicker continuously, fueled daily by devotees’ offerings of yak butter. Behind the lamps lies the entrance to the main hall. To the left of the doorway stands a statue of Guru Rinpoche (Padmasambhava), the founder of the Nyingma school, while to the right is Maitreya Buddha, also known as the Future Buddha. The right wall features murals depicting the temple’s 7th-century origins, including scenes of the Potala Palace and the lake-filling efforts to build Jokhang.

Following a clockwise route, visitors encounter a hall dedicated to Tsongkhapa, the Gelug school founder, and his eight disciples. Further along, past the Yaksha and Dragon King Halls, hundreds of butter lamps illuminate the path to the renowned Jokhang Hall. This hall is the temple’s centerpiece and spiritual core. At its heart lies the Great Sutra Hall, where lamas recite scriptures daily, surrounded by smaller chapels. The most significant is the central Shakyamuni Buddha Hall, enshrining Princess Wencheng’s 12-year-old life-sized golden statue of Shakyamuni—a sacred focal point for devout pilgrims.

Stairs from the courtyard lead to the second and third floors. The second floor houses the Dharma King Hall, dedicated to Songtsen Gampo, Princess Wencheng, and Princess Bhrikuti, as well as the protector deity Palden Lhamo’s shrine. Its spacious terrace offers stunning views of the Potala Palace, making it a prime spot for photography. The third floor boasts the temple’s iconic golden roofs, though it is rarely open to the public. If fortunate enough to visit, the four resplendent golden rooftops leave an unforgettable impression.

Visiting Information

Opening Hours

• Year-Round: 08:30 – 18:30

Discount Policy

• Children: Free admission for children aged 10 and under (inclusive).

Why Visit Jokhang Temple?

Jokhang Temple is more than a historical landmark—it’s the beating heart of Tibetan Buddhism. From its sacred statues and intricate murals to its role as a pilgrimage center, the temple offers a profound cultural and spiritual experience. Whether you’re a traveler seeking history or a pilgrim pursuing enlightenment, Jokhang Temple is an unmissable destination in Lhasa.